Civil+War

__**Joel Lavoie**__ //__**Timeline**__// media type="custom" key="24858052"//1//

__//**Vocabulary**//__

Fort Sumter-Fort Sumter in South Carolina was the site of the first battle of the Civil War in April, 1861. The Confederates eventually won the battle and took the fort, but more importantly, this event cause four more states to succeed from the Union. (see map, blue states succeeded after the attack on Fort Sumter)



Border States- Border states were the states between the North and the South and had, early on, allegiance to neither side. Both sides wanted to gain control of the border states and the border states feared the majority of fighting would take place on their home soil. The border states remained loyal to the union and Lincoln had to be careful not to upset them. (See map above, yellow states are border states that remained in the Union)

King cotton- King Cotton refers to the world's dependence on Southern cotton, something that, early on, South thought would help them win the war. The south expected France or Britain to help them in the war because their industry relied heavily on Southern produced cotton. The South however,needed one more key victory early in the war in order for other nations to support them, something they never got.

Antietum- The Battle of Antietum was a technical Northern victory that resulted from Lee's movement plans being revealed by the Lost Order. Although the battle was not a great victory for either side, it gave Lincoln the confidence and support he needed to issue the Emancipation proclamation freeing slaves in rebellious states.

George McClean- George McClean was the key Union general in the East. He was a very conservative general, his unwillingness to take risks often wasting opportunities to destroy enemy forces. Lincoln became frustrated with McClean because he opposed Lincoln's of a battle of attrition.

Robert E Lee- Robert E. Lee was the key Southern general throughout the Civil War. Lee was from Virginia and although he had been offered command of the Union forces, decided to remain loyal to his state. Lee was one of the key advantages that the South had over the North as the Northern army did not have as strong leadership.

Ulysses S Grant- Grant was a Union general in command in the Western theater. He led the Union forces to an important victory at the Battle of Shiloh. Lincoln loved Grant's style and after frustration with his other generals, eventually gave Grant command of the entire Union Army.

Sherman's march to the sea- Organized by Grant and Sherman, this plan involved leaving the North and heading for the South coast, destroying everything in-between. This brutal march devastated the South, however it helped expedite the end of the war.

//__**Primary Sources**__//
 * __Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (Abraham Lincoln)__ - In this address given in 1865, Lincoln discusses how the war has gone on longer than either side expected. Lincoln address how the war is the responsibility of both sides. Most importantly hints at how he will handle reconstruction, "With malice toward none, with charity for all". This speech indicates that reconstruction would have been much different had Lincoln remained in office.
 * __Crittenden's Compromise ( John J. Crittenden) __ - This compromise proposed in 1860 by senator  John J. Crittenden  was aimed at resolving the succession crisis without violence. Under this compromise, the 36 degrees 30 minutes line would be extended westward with slavery permitted in all states below the line and prohibited in all states north of the line. The compromise also included a stricter fugitive slave law and a clause that prohibited future amendments to the compromise. Republicans, however, rejected this compromise, showing their determination to prohibit the spread of slavery. Because it was rejected by the Northern republicans, the compromise was never implemented.
 * __The Emancipation Proclamation (Abraham Lincoln)__- This proclamation ordered by Lincoln in 1863 followed the battle of Antietam in which the Union had held off the South and gained a slight victory. This victory allowed Lincoln to issue this proclamation freeing the slaves in the states that were rebelling against the Union. This proclamation modified the Union's goals as now, rather then trying to fight to being the union back together, the North was fighting for the now clearly defined goal of ending slavery.
 * __The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln) __ - This famous speech by Abraham Lincoln was given at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery 4 months after the Battle of Gettysburg. The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war and at this speech, Lincoln redefined the Union's war motives. He emphasized that the Union was fighting to preserve the people's government and to honor those who gave their lives already in the war.

//__**Presidents **__//


 * Abraham Lincoln ** (1861-1865): Abraham Lincoln was the president throughout the entire Civil war, taking office right after the succession crisis began and remaining in office throughout the war. Lincoln's first term was from 1861-1865 and having been reelected he began his second term in 1865 and served until his assignation when Andrew Johnson took over.

Q1. What if the Lost Order had not been lost? *If Lee's plans had not been revealed to the Union, the South would have successfully completed the outlined plan and invaded the North, eventually winning the war and becoming their own nation. Paragraph 1: Situation Before Special Order 191
 * Northern moral was low
 * Peace wing of democrats was attacking Lincoln’s policy on war o South say that North should seek armistice
 * Republican majority in House is vulnerable
 * British and French considering recognizing Confederacy as nation
 * Danger of intervention in war on behalf of Confederates
 * If Lee successfully invades Maryland then chance of foreign recognition of south and intervention is very high
 * Overly cautious, General McClellan is in command of Union troops in Eastern theater

Paragraph 2: What Lost Order will do Lee’s order to dispatch his troops into 5 separate parts and move North Advantages: Risks: Key Point: Lee is a risk taker and also knows McClellan is not a risk taker and won't be offensive so the plan should work
 * o Will allow army to restock with food, weapons, clothes, shoes, and supplies o Will enable stragglers to catch up
 * o Will rejoin and tear up the North’s railroads
 * o Will then have opportunity to attack major Northern cities
 * o McClellan could get between fragments of army and destroy them

Paragraph 3: If Lee's plan had worked Trying to follow Lincoln’s order to destroy Lee’s army, McClellan attacks o After the Confederates take Baltimore, the people of the US support an end to the war ==>The Civil War is considered a failure by the North
 * Union surrenders men and supplies to the Confederates at Harpers Ferry
 * Because McClellan does not advance, the parts of Lee’s army are able to reform together
 * o The army is now well stocked and stronger than is has been in months Lee continues to proceed North to Pennsylvania
 * o Lee eventually prepares for battle at Gettysburg where he uses the hills to his advantage
 * o McClellan’s army now has to move North to meet Lee’s
 * o McClellan tries a diversionary attack but this leaves the rest of his army vulnerable
 * o The Union army is destroyed and McClellan is killed
 * o The Democrats gain control of the House of Representatives
 * o Other countries recognize the Confederate States of America
 * o With no power left, Lincoln has no choice but to let the nation be divided and the South becomes its own country

Q2. What was the effect of the Battle of Gettysburg? *The Battle of Gettysburg was the last real Southern threat to the North and after the battle, the South was never able to truly recover and regain the strength that it had before this battle. =Battle Itself: -Considered a turning point in the war
 * Three Days of Fighting:
 * [[image:examreviewblock6/july1.jpg caption="July 1st"]][[image:examreviewblock6/july2.jpg caption="July 2nd"]][[image:examreviewblock6/july3.jpg caption="July 3rd"]]
 * Bloodiest Battle of the war
 * Lee escapes (Lincoln did not want this, he wanted to end the war now)
 * Lee looses a significant portion of his army ==> will never recover from this loss
 * This battle is the last time that the North is invaded, all fighting for the next two years will be the North pushing Southward, not the South pushing Northward
 * This is was the last major threat to the North's armies
 * Because the war continues without any major threats from the South. Ulysses S Grant is brought in to end the war.
 * Gettysburg Address ==> sense of pride and obligation provided to Northerners

Q3. What was the effect of Sherman’s March to the Sea? <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">*Sherman's March to the Sea destroyed not only the Southern land and infrastructure, but also permanently damaged Southern moral regarding the war.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Physical Effects: -Destroyed sources of food -Destroyed homes, buildings -Savannah Georgia falls to the Union Army

Mental Effects: -Southern morale destroyed -South no longer confidant in their army's ability to protect them -Deserters in the Southern Army become common as morale is low and supplies are gone -Breaks South's will to continue to fight

-Key to ending the war -Sherman regarded as hero in North and villain in South -Will make reconstruction tougher because of huge destruction

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Q4. What did the New York City Draft riots say about the attitude of northerners towards the war? Towards blacks?
 * The New York City Draft Riots indicated that the Northerns were tired of being at war and were becoming frustrated. Because of their frustration, they blamed blacks, indicating how even northerners are not accepting of colored people at all.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Changing opinion towards war
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Areas like New York, initially in support of the war, now are becoming anti-war
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">peace democrats now becoming elected officials
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Draft includes all men who cannot pay $300 ==> people outraged at this exemption
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Even Irish immigrants are now being drafted

2.Opinion towards Blacks
 * Many blacks killed and hanged
 * Irish immigrants do not want to have to fight with blacks for jobs
 * soldiers had to come to stop the violence
 * blacks blamed for the war and the draft

Bibliography

Timetoast user S ksarah. //The Civil War Timeline//. http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/civil-war-timeline--41.

//American Civil War.// Wikipedia Users. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War

//Sherman's Match to the Sea.// Wikipedia users http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea

//1863 NYC Draft Riots.ppt. Mr. Reydel.// https://sites.google.com/a/taboracademy.org/reydel/period-5-1844-1877

// 1863 Gettysburg.ppt. Mr. Reydel. // https://sites.google.com/a/taboracademy.org/reydel/period-5-1844-1877

//The Soldiers at Gettysburg.// http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/44gettys/44locate2.htm

1. http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/civil-war-timeline--41. Created by Timetoast user S<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">ksarah.